Std-12 Psychology-Manovigyan -
Gujarati Medium Textbook Download
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Textbook Name: Std- 12 Psychology-Manovigyan Gujarati Medium Textbook
Language:
Class: Standard - 12
Published by: Gujarat State Board of School Textbooks (GSSTB)
Download Mode and Format: Online Mode and PDF Format File
Official Website: gujarat-education.gov.in/textbook/
Std-12 Psychology-Manovigyan pdf
Smith and Heshusius (1986) sharply criticize those writers, like Lincoln and Guba, who they believe have adopted a stance of “detente” with rationalists. They are particularly incensed by Lincoln and Guba’s use of “comparable criteria,” which to their eyes look little different than the conventional criteria they supposedly replace. In either case, there must be a “belief in the assumption that what is known—be it an existent reality or an interpreted reality—stands independent of the inquirer and can be described without distortion by the inquirer” (p. 6).
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Smith and Heshusius claim that naturalistic research can offer only an “interpretation of the interpretations of others,” and that to assume an independent reality is “unacceptable” for the qualitative researcher (p. 9). Their stance is a strong one, because the only reality it accepts is a completely mind-dependent one, which will vary from individual to individual; in other words, for Smith and Heshusius, there is no “out there” out there.
std 12 manovigyan book pdf
For these researchers, it would not be possible to choose a best interpretation from among the many available, because no technique or interpretation can be “epistemologically privileged” (p. 9). To maintain this stance would seem to negate the value of doing research at all, because it prohibits the possibility of reconciling alternative interpretations.
GSSTB Textbook STD 12 Psychology- Manovigyan Gujarati
Therefore, it is important to determine which criteria are consistent with the naturalistic paradigm, yet which allow for a declaration that “good science” has been carried out. In the following sections, conventional and naturalistic criteria will be discussed, with the goal of selecting criteria which are appropriate for judging the overall trustworthiness of a qualitative study.
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