Std-12 Economics - Arthashastra
Gujarati Medium Textbook pdf Download
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Textbook Name: Std- 12 Economics-Arthashastra Textbook
Language: Gujarati
Class: Standard - 12
Published by: Gujarat State Board of School Textbooks (GSSTB)
Download Mode and Format: Online Mode and PDF Format File
Official Website: gujarat-education.gov.in/textbook/
Std-12 Economics Textbook pdf
In other words, students who have a positive attitude toward science are more likely promote science and scientific research in a country (Gieger, 1973). Consequently, countries like Turkey, need scientifically literate citizens. To achieve this goal we must examine the attitudes of our science teachers (Türkmen, et. al, 1999).
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In his paper Machamer (1998) gives an overview of issues related to the nature of science. He defines science, epistemologically, as a method of inquiry about the things and structures in the world, and describes the concerns of the philosophy of science: Epistemological: Philosophy of science asks what the nature and essential characteristics of scientific knowledge, how this knowledge is obtained, how it is codified and presented, how it is subjected to scrutiny, and how it is warranted and validated.
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Metaphysically: Philosophy of science examines the kinds and natures of things in the world, in so far as science deals with them. Ethically: Philosophy of science directs questions towards the value system that scientists have and asks how these values affect the practices and conclusions of science. According to him, for educational purposes the epistemological point of view bears the highest significance.
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He asserts that “science, as it is taught and practiced in an educational setting, should be concerned with questions about the nature and adequacy of knowledge.” Further, he identifies epistemological key concepts to be addressed: aims and goals of science; limits of science; nature of scientific discovery; nature of scientific explanation; theory, law, model and hypothesis, paradigms and research traditions in science; evidence, test, confirmation, falsification, and prediction; experiments as types of empirical tests; and finally social, cultural, political and ethical implications of science (TaÅŸar, 2003).
Std-12 Arthashastra textbook pdf
The main problem with Turkish science and technology education is lack of research on epistemological knowledge and attitudes. The epistemological role of science and technology can not be comprehended well by the society.