Std-3 Mayur_Gujarati Second Language
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Textbook Name: Std-3 Mayur_Gujarati Second Language
Language: Gujarati
Class: Standard -3
Published by: Gujarat State Board of School Textbooks (GSSTB)
Download Format: Online Mode and PDF Format File
Official Website: gujarat-education.gov.in
GSEB Textbook STD 3 Mayur_Gujarati medium PDF
In the laboratory, for instance, students are asked to perform activities, make observations and then form conclusions. There is an expectation that the conclusions formed will be both self-evident and uniform. In other words, teachers anticipate that the data will lead all pupils to the same conclusion.
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This could only happen if each student had exactly the same prior conceptions and made and evaluated observations using identical schemes. The does not happen in science nor does it occur in the science classroom. Related to the issue of theory-based observations is the allegiance to the paradigm. Thomas Kuhn (1970), in his ground-breaking analysis of the history of science, suggested that scientists work within a research tradition called a paradigm.
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This research tradition, shared by those working in a given discipline, provides clues to the questions worth investigating, dictates what evidence is admissible and prescribes the tests and techniques that are reasonable. Although the paradigm provides direction to the research it may also stifle or limit investigation. Anything that confines the research endeavor necessarily limits objectivity.
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While there is no conscious desire on the part of scientists to limit discussion, it is likely that some new ideas in science are rejected because of the paradigm issue. When research reports are submitted for publication, they are reviewed by other members of the discipline.
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Ideas from outside the paradigm are liable to be eliminated from consideration as crackpot or poor science and thus will not appear in print. Examples of scientific ideas that were originally rejected because they fell outside the accepted paradigm include the sun-centered solar system, warm-bloodedness in dinosaurs, the germ-theory of disease, and continental drift. When the idea of moving continents was first proposed early in this century by Alfred Wegener it was vigorously rejected.
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