STD 05 All SUBJECT GCERT TEXTBOOK
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You can see STD 05 All SUBJECT GCERT TEXTBOOK PDF DOWNLOAD. All GCERT Book updated in last year. All of the standards expressly state that scientific knowledge changes over time and seven stated that this change is usually gradual(see the section on historical statements).
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Five documents mention scientific revolutions as an additional agent of change. Also relating to scientific knowledge are statements about how knowledge is derived. Five documents referred to observation and experimental evidence. Another area within the philosophy category includes statements which describe what science is and how it is done.
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Such statements include that science is an attempt to explain phenomena, science is creative, science has inherent limitations and that science relies on empirical evidence, logical arguments and skepticism. Together, these statements provide a broad view of philosophical assumptions underlying the nature of science. Figure 1.
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A proposal for the disciplines that add to our understanding of the nature of science based on a content review of various science education standards documents. The approximate extent to which each discipline contributes is represented by the relative sizes of the circles. A description of science -- the nature of science -- is found at the intersection of these various disciplines. The sociology category comprises statements related to who scientists are and how scientists work.
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All documents include a statement about the ethical decision-making of scientists, and six state that new knowledge must be clearly and openly reported by scientists. It is not clear, however, if these statements come from a view of how scientists work or from an expectation that science should function in this fashion. Statements in this category also included peer review, replication of procedures and accurate record keeping. The third category, psychology, includes statements about the characteristics of scientists. Six documents mention that scientists generate knowledge in a creative fashion. Four documents refer to the inherent bias that exists with any observation.
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