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Verification Date 16-05-2022 to 19-05-2022
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You can see Conductor Document Verification Candidate list || Verification Date 16-05-2022 to 19-05-2022 Table 14 presents the results for different majors. Clearly, technical fields (drafting, electronics, computer science) and medical occupations (nursing and radiology) have the highest returns, as one might expect.
Low-tech fields restaurant management, graphic arts, business, Office and Information Systems (OIS)have the lowest returns, with differences sharper three years after leaving college than one year out. Since Friedlander's early work, the state of California has continued to develop data for the state as a whole and for individual colleges as well. The analysis has tended to follow the patterns in Table 13: that is, median earnings during the last year in college are used as a control for an individual's earning capacity prior to leaving community college.
Then median earnings three years after leaving college are used as the measure of post-education outcomes. The results, displayed in Table 15, are available for different types of students.'" In general they confirm some familiar patterns: while the overall increase in earnings from the last year of college to three years after leaving is modest (12.4 percent), the increase is much greater for those earning Associate degrees (54 percent) and certificates (29.3 percent) than for those with less than 12 credits, who earn only 7.8 percent more. The increases are roughly the same for men and women, and for all racial and ethnic groups except blacks, for whom the increase is quite small (2.7 percent), suggesting a potentially serious problem with labor market discrimination.
However, results for those earning Associate degrees and certificates suggest that there is no black/white difference, though Hispanics earn less than whites.) More detailed results indicate higher returns for women compared to men, consistent with results in Tables 3 and 4 (Sanchez & Laanan, 1998, Tables 13 and 14, Figures 7 and 8.)
The increases are much higher (49.1 percent) for traditional-age students,'"' while they actually decline for those 35 and older, whose four-quarter employment rate also falls from 81.2 percent to 73.5 percent; the latter group includes dislocated workers forced out of stable, high-paying jobs in unionized sectors or the military and aerospace sectors, and being retrained for less lucrative positions, while traditional-age students benefit the most from moving from essentially unskilled positions into more substantial employment. The results in the last part of the table indicate particularly large
